Chapter Two of "On The Way To Krsna"
The Way of Chanting and Knowing Krsna
Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare. Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare.
This is transcendental sound vibration. It will help us to
cleanse the dust from the mirror of the mind. At the present moment we have accumulated so much material dust on the mirror of the mind, just as on Second Avenue (New York City) there is dust and soot over everything due to the heavy traffic. Due to our manipulation of material activities, a great deal of dust has collected over our mind's clear mirror, and as a consequence we are unable to see things in perspective.
This vibration of transcendental sound (the Hare
Krsna mantra) will cleanse away this dust and enable us to see clearly our real constitutional position. As soon as we come to understand "I am not this body; I am spirit soul, and my symptom is consciousness," we will be able to establish ourselves in real happiness. As our consciousness is purified by this process of chanting Hare Krsna, all our material miseries will disappear.
There is a fire that is always blazing over this material world, and everyone is trying to extinguish it, but there is no possibility of extinguishing this fire of the miseries of material nature unless we are situated in our pure consciousness, in our spiritual life.
One of the purposes for Lord Krsna's descent or appearance in this material world is to extinguish the fire of material existence for all living entities by setting forth the dharma.
yada yada hi dharmasya
glanir bhavati bharata
abhyutthanam adharmasya
tadatmanam srjamy aham
paritranaya sadhunam
vinasaya ca duskrtam
dharma-samsthapanarthaya
sambhavami yuge yuge
"Whenever and wherever there is a decline in religious practice, O descendant
of Bharata, and a predominant rise of irreligion--at that time I descend Myself.
In order to deliver the pious and to annihilate the miscreants, as well as to
reestablish the principles of religion, I advent Myself millennium after
millennium." (Bg. 4.7-8)
In this verse the word dharma is used. This word has been translated into English in various ways. Sometimes it is translated as "faith," but according to Vedic literature, dharma is not a kind of faith. Faith may change, but dharma cannot be changed. The liquidity of water cannot be changed. If it is changed-- if, for instance, water becomes solid--it is actually no longer in its constitutional position. It is existing under a certain qualifying condition.
Our dharma or constitutional position is that we are part and parcel of the Supreme, and this being the case, we have to dovetail or subjugate our consciousness to the Supreme.
This position of transcendental service to the Supreme Whole is being misused due to material contact. Service is implicit in our constitutional position.
Everyone is a servant, and no one is a master. Everyone is serving someone or
other. Although the president may be the chief executive of the state, still he
is serving the state, and when his services are no longer required, the state
disposes of him. To think to oneself,"I am the master of all I survey," is
called maya, illusion. Thus in material consciousness our service is being
misused under various designations. When we can become free from these
designations, that is to say when the dust has been cleared from the mirror of
the mind, we will be able to see ourselves in our actual position as eternal
servants of Krsna.
One should not think that his service in the material world and his service
in the spiritual atmosphere are the same. We may shudder to think, "Oh, after
liberation will I still be a servant?" This is because we have experience that
being a servant in the material world is not very enjoyable, but transcendental
service is not like this. In the spiritual world there is no difference between
the servant and the master. Here, of course, there is distinction, but in the
absolute world everything is one. For instance, in Bhagavad-gita we can see that
Krsna has taken the position of servant as the chariot driver of Arjuna. In his
constitutional position, Arjuna is the servant of Krsna, but in behavior we can
see that sometimes the Lord becomes the servant of the servant. So we should be
careful not to carry materialistic ideas into the spiritual realm. Whatever we
have materially experienced is but a perverted reflection of things in spiritual
life.
When our constitutional position or dharma is deteriorated due to the
contaminations of matter, the Lord Himself comes as an incarnation or sends some
of His confidential servitors. Lord Jesus Christ called himself the "son of
God," and so is a representative of the Supreme. Similarly, Mohammed identified
himself as a servant of the Supreme Lord. Thus whenever there is a discrepancy
in our constitutional position, the Supreme Lord either comes Himself or sends
His representative to inform us of the real position of the living entity.
Therefore, one should not make the mistake of thinking that dharma is a
created faith. In its proper sense, dharma cannot be divorced from the living
entity at all. It is to the living entity what sweetness is to sugar, or
saltiness is to salt, or solidity is to stone. In no case can it be cut off. The
dharma of the living entity is to serve, and we can easily see that every living
entity has the tendency to serve himself or others. How to serve Krsna, how to
disentangle ourselves from materialistic service, how to attain Krsna
consciousness and become free from material designations is all taught as a
science by Sri Krsna in Bhagavad-gita.
The word sadhu in the verse quoted above, beginning paritranaya sadhunam
refers to a holy man or a saintly person. A saintly person is tolerant, very
kind to everyone, is a friend to all living entities, is no one's enemy and is
always peaceful. There are twenty-six basic qualifications for a holy man, and
in the Bhagavad-gita we find that Sri Krsna Himself gives the following verdict:
api cet su-duracaro
bhajate mam ananya-bhak
sadhur eva sa mantavyah
samyag vyavasito hi sah
"Even if one commits the most abominable actions, if he is engaged in
devotional service, he is to be considered saintly because he is properly
situated." (Bg. 9.30)
On the mundane platform, what is morality for one person is immorality for
another, and what is immorality for one person is morality for another.
According to the Hindu conception, the drinking of wine is immoral, whereas in
the Western world, wine drinking is not considered immoral but is a common
thing. So morality is dependent on time, place, circumstance, social position,
etc. There is, however, a sense of morality and immorality in all societies. In
this verse Krsna points out that even if one is engaged in immoral acts but at
the same time is fully in Krsna consciousness, he is to be considered a sadhu or
a saint. In other words. although a person may have some immoral habits due to
his past association, if he is engaged fully in Krsna consciousness, these
habits are not to be considered important. Whatever the case, if one becomes
Krsna conscious, he will gradually be purified and will become a sadhu. As one
progresses in executing Krsna consciousness, his bad habits diminish, and he
attains to saintly perfection.
In this regard there is the story of a thief who went on a pilgrimage to a
holy town, and on route he and the other pilgrims stopped to rest overnight at an inn. Being addicted to stealing, the thief began making plans to steal the other pilgrims' baggage, but he thought, "I'm going on a pilgrimage, so it doesn't seem appropriate that I should steal this baggage. No, I shall not do it." Nonetheless, due to his habit, he could not keep his hands off the baggage.
So he picked up one person's bag and placed it in another place, and then another person's bag and placed it elsewhere. He spent all night placing different bags in different places, but his conscience bothered him so that he could not take anything from them. In the morning, when the other pilgrims awoke, they looked around for their bags and couldn't find them. There was a great row, and eventually, one by one, they began to find the bags in various places. After they were all found, the thief explained: "Gentlemen, I am a thief by occupation. Being that I am habituated to stealing at night, I wanted to
steal something from your bags, but I thought that since I am going to this holy
place, it is not possible to steal. So I may have rearranged the baggage, but
please excuse me." This is the characteristic of a bad habit. He does not want
to commit theft anymore, but because he is habituated, sometimes he does. Thus
Krsna says that one who has decided to refrain from his immoral habits and make
progress in Krsna consciousness is to be considered a sadhu, even if out of past
habit or by chance he yields to his fault. In the next verse we find that Sri
Krsna says:
ksipram bhavati dharmatma
sasvac-chantim nigacchati
kaunteya pratijanihi
na me bhaktah pranasyati
"He quickly becomes righteous and attains lasting peace. O son of Kunti,
declare it boldly that My devotee never perishes." (Bg. 9.31)
Because one has committed himself to Krsna consciousness, it is proclaimed
here by Sri Krsna that within a very short time he will become saintly. One may
pull the plug out of an electric fan, and the fan may still go on even though
the juice has been disconnected, but it is understood that the fan will soon
come to a stop. Once we take shelter of the lotus feet of Krsna, we turn the
switch off for our karmic activities, and although these activities may still
revolve, it is to be understood that they will quickly diminish. It is a fact
that whoever takes to Krsna consciousness does not have to endeavor
independently to become a good man. All the good qualifications will
automatically come. It is stated in Srimad-Bhagavatam that one who has attained
Krsna consciousness has simultaneously attained all good qualities. On the other
hand, if a person is devoid of God consciousness and yet has many good
qualities, his good qualities are to be considered useless, for he will not in
any way be prohibited from doing that which is undesirable. If one is devoid of
Krsna consciousness, he is sure to commit mischief in this material world.
janma karma ca me divyam
evam yo vetti tattvatah
tyaktva deham punar janma
naiti mam eti so 'rjuna
"One who knows the transcendental nature of My appearance and activities does
not, upon leaving the body, take his birth again in this material world, but
attains My eternal abode, O Arjuna." (Bg. 4.9)
The mission for which Krsna appears is here further explained. When He comes
with some mission, there are some activities. Of course there are some
philosophers who do not believe that God comes as an incarnation. They say, "Why
should God come to this rotten world?" But from Bhagavad-gita we understand
otherwise. We should always remember that we read Bhagavad-gita as scripture,
and whatever is spoken in Bhagavad-gita must be accepted, otherwise there is no
reason in reading it. In Gita Krsna says that He has come as an incarnation with
a mission, and along with His mission there are some activities. We can see, for
example, that Krsna is active as chariot-driver for Arjuna and engages in so
many activities on the battlefield of Kuruksetra. just as when there is war one
person or nation may side with another person or nation and show partiality,
Lord Krsna on the battlefield shows some partiality and sides with Arjuna.
Actually Krsna is not partial to anyone, but externally it appears that He is
partial. This partiality, however, should not be accepted in the ordinary sense.
In this verse Krsna also points out that His descent into the material world
is transcendental. The word divyam means transcendental. His activities are not
in any way ordinary. Even today, in India, at the end of August the people are
accustomed to celebrating Krsna's birthday, regardless of sect, just as in the
Western world Jesus Christ's birthday is celebrated at Christmas. Krsna's
birthday is called Janmastami, and in this verse Krsna uses the word janma in
referring to "My birth." Because there is birth, there are some activities.
Krsna's birth and activities are transcendental, which means they are not like
ordinary births and activities. One may ask how it is that His activities are
transcendental. He is born, He takes part in a battle with Arjuna, he has a
father by the name of Vasudeva and a mother Devaki and a family--what can be
considered transcendental? Krsna says, evam yo vetti tattvatah--we must know of
His birth and activities in truth. When one knows of Krsna's birth and
activities in truth, the result is: tyaktva deham punar janma naiti mam eti so
'rjuna--when he leaves this material body, he is not born again but goes
directly to Krsna. This means that he becomes a liberated soul. He goes to the
eternal spiritual world and attains his constitutional position full of bliss,
knowledge and eternality. All this can be obtained simply by knowing in truth
the transcendental nature of Krsna's birth and activities.
Ordinarily when one quits the body he has to take up another body. The lives
of the living entities are going on simply due to the living entities' changing
dress from one body to another--transmigration of the soul--according to the
work of the living entities. At the present moment we may think that this
material body is our actual body, but it is like a dress. In reality we do have
an actual body, a spiritual body. This material body is superficial compared to
the real spiritual body of the living entity. When this material body becomes
old and worn out, or when it is rendered useless by some accident, we put it
aside as we might put aside a soiled or ruined suit and take up another material
body.
vasamsi jirnani yatha vihaya
navani grhnati naro 'parani
tatha sarirani vihaya jirnany
anyani samyati navani dehi
"As a person puts on new garments, giving up old ones, similarly, the soul
accepts new material bodies, giving up the old and useless ones." (Bg. 2.22)
In the beginning the body is the size of a pea. Then it grows to become a
baby, then a child, a young boy, a youth, a grown man and an old man, and
finally, when it becomes useless, the living entity changes into another body.
The body is therefore always changing, and death is simply the ultimate change
of the present body.
dehino 'smin yatha dehe
kaumaram yauvanam jara
tatha dehantara-praptir
dhiras tatra na muhyati
"As the embodied soul continually passes, in this body, from boyhood to youth
to old age, the soul similarly passes into another body at death. The selfrealized
soul is not bewildered by such a change." (Bg. 2.13)
Although the body is changing, the dweller within the body remains the same.
Although the boy grows into manhood, the living entity within the body is not
changed. It is not that the self who was there as a boy has gone away. Medical
science agrees that at every moment the material body is changing. just as
living entities are not bewildered by this, an enlightened man is not bewildered
when the body undergoes its ultimate change at death. But a person who does not
understand things as they are laments. In the material condition we are simply
changing bodies all the time; that is our disease. It is not that we always
change to a human body. We may change to an animal body or a demigod body
depending on our activities. According to the Padma Purana there are at death.
But Krsna promises that one who knows His birth and activities in truth is freed
from this cycle of transmigration.
How does one understand Krsna's birth and activities in truth? This is
explained in the Eighteenth Chapter of Bhagavad-gita:
bhaktya mam abhijanati
yavan yas casmi tattvatah
tato mam tattvato jnatva
visate tad-anantaram
"One can understand the Supreme personality as He is only by devotional
service. And when one is in full consciousness of the Supreme Lord by such
devotion, he can enter into the kingdom of God." (Bg. 18.55)
Here again the word tattvatah, "in truth," is used. One can understand the
science of Krsna in truth by becoming a devotee. He who is not a devotee, who
does not strive for Krsna consciousness, cannot understand. At the beginning of
the Fourth Chapter also Krsna tells Arjuna (Bg. 4.3) that He is explaining this
ancient science of yoga to him because Arjuna is "My devotee and My friend." For
one who simply makes an academic study of Bhagavad-gita, the science of Krsna
remains a mystery. Bhagavad-gita is not a book that one can just purchase from
the bookstore and understand by scholarship alone. Arjuna was not a great
scholar, nor a Vedantist, nor a philosopher nor a brahmana, nor a renunciate; he
was a family and military man. But still Krsna selected him to be the recipient
of Bhagavad-gita and the first authority in the disciplic succession. Why?
"Because you are My devotee." That is the qualification to understand Bhagavadgita
as it is and Krsna as He is--one must become Krsna conscious.
And what is this Krsna consciousness? That is the process of cleansing the
dust from the mirror of the mind through the chanting of Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna,
Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare. Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. By chanting
this mantra and by hearing Bhagavad-gita, we can gradually attain to Krsna
consciousness. Isvarah sarva-bhutanam--Krsna is always present within our heart.
The individual soul and the Supersoul are both sitting in the tree of the body.
The individual soul (jiva) is eating the fruit of the tree, and the Supersoul
(Paramatma) is witnessing. As the individual soul begins the process of
devotional service and gradually begins to develop his Krsna consciousness, the
Supersoul who is seated within begins to help him dust all the impurities from
the mirror of the mind. Krsna is a friend to all saintly persons, and the
attempt to become Krsna conscious is a saintly endeavor. Sravanam. kirtanam--by
chanting and hearing one can come to understand the science of Krsna and thereby
come to understand Krsna. And upon understanding Krsna, one can, at the moment
of death, go immediately to His abode in the spiritual world. This spiritual
world. is described thus in Bhagavad-gita:
na tad bhasayate suryo
na sasanko na pavakah
yad gatva na nivartante
tad dhama paramam mama
"That abode of Mine is not illumined by the sun or moon, nor by electricity.
One who reaches it never returns to this material world." (Bg. 15.6)
This material world is always dark; therefore we require the sun, moon and
electricity. The Vedas enjoin us not to remain in this darkness but to transfer
ourselves to the world of illumination, the spiritual world. The word darkness
has a twofold meaning; it not only means without light, but it means ignorance.
The Supreme Lord has manifold energies. It is not that he comes to this
material world to perform activities. It is stated in the Vedas that the Supreme
Lord has nothing to do. In Bhagavad-gita Sri Krsna also says:
na me parthasti kartavyam
trisu lokesu kincana
nanavaptam avaptavyam
varta eva ca karmani
"O son of Prtha, there is no work prescribed for Me within all the three
planetary systems. Nor am I in want of anything, nor have I need to obtain
anything--and yet I am engaged in work." (Bg. 3.22)
We should therefore not think that Krsna is required to descend upon this
material world and engage in so many activities. No one is equal to or greater
than Krsna, and He has all knowledge naturally. It is not that He has to undergo
penances to acquire knowledge or that He at any time has to receive knowledge or
attain knowledge. At all times and in all conditions He is full of knowledge. He
may be speaking Bhagavad-gita to Arjuna, but at no time was He ever taught
Bhagavad-gita. One who can understand that this is Krsna's position does not
have to return to the cycle of birth and death in this material world. Being
under the influence of illusion, we spend our lifetimes trying to make
adjustments to this material atmosphere, but this is not the purpose of human
life. Human life is meant for understanding the science of Krsna.
Our material needs are these: the problem of eating, of mating, of sleeping,
of defending ourselves and of acquiring sense gratification. These are common
both to human beings and to animals. The animals are busily engaged trying to
solve these problems, and if we are also only engaged in solving them how are we
any different from the animals? The human being, however, has a special
qualification whereby he can develop transcendental Krsna consciousness, but if
he does not avail himself of this, he is in the animal category. The defect of
modern civilization is that it puts too much stress on solving these survival
problems. As spiritual living beings it is incumbent upon us to extricate
ourselves from this entanglement of birth and Death. We should therefore be
careful not to miss the special opportunity of human life. Sri Krsna Himself
comes to deliver Bhagavad-gita and to help us to become God conscious. Indeed,
this very material creation is given to us to utilize for this cultivation. But
if after receiving this chance and this gift of human life we do not utilize
them to develop Krsna consciousness, we shall be missing this rare opportunity.
The process for cultivation is very simple: sravanam kirtanam--hearing and
chanting. We have nothing to do other than listen, and by listening carefully,
enlightenment is sure to come. Krsna will surely help, for He is seated within.
We only have to make the effort and spare a little time. We will not need anyone
to ask us whether we are making progress. We will know it automatically, just as
a hungry man knows that he has been satisfied by a full meal.
Actually this process of Krsna consciousness or self-realization is not very
difficult. Krsna taught it to Arjuna in Bhagavad-gita, and if we understand
Bhagavad-gita just as Arjuna did, we will have no problem in coming to the
perfectional state. But if we try to interpret Bhagavad-gita according to our
own mundane academic mentality, we spoil it all.
As stated before, this chanting of Hare Krsna is a process by which all
contaminations due to material association are removed from the mirror of the
mind. There is no need for external help in reviving our Krsna consciousness,
for Krsna consciousness is dormant within the self. In fact, it is the very
quality of the self. We have only to invoke it by this process. Krsna
consciousness is an eternal fact. It is not a doctrine or set of beliefs imposed
by some organization. It is within all living entities, whether they be human
being or animal. When Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu was passing through the jungles
of South India some five hundred years ago, He chanted Hare Krsna, and all the
animals--the tigers, elephants and deer--joined Him in dancing to the holy
names. Of course this depends on the purity of the chanting. As we progress in
chanting, purification is sure to come.
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